Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)-

RIP is a standardized Distance Vector protocol, designed for use on smaller networks. RIP was one of the first true Distance Vector routing protocols.

·         Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a true distance-vector routing protocol.

·         RIP sends the complete routing table out of all active interfaces

·         RIP performs full routing-table updates every 30 seconds

·         Update Timer by default 30 seconds

·         Invalid Timer by default 180 seconds

·         Hold-down Timer by default 180 seconds

·         Flush Timer by default 240 seconds

·         RIP has an administrative distance of 120.

·         RIP use UDP port no 520.

·         RIP selects best path using hop count.

·         RIP has maximum hop count of 15 by default.

·         RIP works good in very small network.

·         RIP version 1 uses only classful routing

·         RIP version 1 doesn't send updates with subnet mask information.

·         RIP version 2 provides classless routing.

·         RIP version 1 updates are Broadcast (255.255.255.255)

·         RIP version 2 updates are Multicast (224.0.0.9)

·         Authentication can be configured between RIPv2 routers

·         RIP has enable Auto-summarize by default

·         RIP use Bellman-FordDistance Vector algorithm to determine the best path.

·         Any network that is 16 hops away or more is considered unreachable to RIP,

·         A metric of 16 hops in RIP is considered a poison route or infinity metric.

·         If multiple paths exist to a particular destination, RIP will load balance between those paths (by default 4 paths)

·         if the metric (hop-count) is equal. RIP uses a round-robin system of load-balancing between equal metric routes.

·         RIPv1 routers will sent only Version 1 packets

·         RIPv1 routers will receive both Version 1 and 2 updates

·         RIPv2 routers will both send and receive only Version 2 updates

RIP Timers: - RIP has four basic timers:

·         Update Timer

·         Invalid Timer

·         Hold-down Timer

·         Flush Timer

Update Timer: - Updates are sent every 30 seconds by default to the address 224.0.0.9.

Invalid Timer: -   If they not get any updates for 180 seconds regards the any prefix it is consider invalid and the route will be poisoned, then router advertised the route with a metric of 16.

Hold-down Timer: - Hold-down Timer is by default 180 seconds. Hold-down Time indicates how long RIP will store a route that it has placed in a hold-down state. RIP will not accept any new updates for routes in a hold-down state, until the hold-down timer will expire.

Flush Timer: - Flush timer indicate how long a route can remain store in a routing table before being flushed, if no new updates are heard about this route. The flush timer runs simultaneously with the invalid timer, and thus it will flush out a route 60 seconds after it has been invalid.

Take a Look of RIP Configuration

                                                   Configure ip address as per this diagram: -

R1(Config)#router rip

R1(Config-router) # network 10.1.1.0

R1(Config-router) # version 2

R2(Config)# router rip

R2(Config-router) # network 10.1.1.0

R2(Config-router) # network 20.1.1.0

R3(Config)# router rip

R3(Config-router) # network 20.1.1.0

R3(Config-router) # network 30.1.1.0

R4(Config)#router rip

R4(Config-router) # network 30.1.1.0

Verify RIP: -

R1# show ip rip database

10.0.0.0/8    auto-summary

10.1.1.0/24    directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

20.0.0.0/8 [1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:22, FastEthernet0/0

30.0.0.0/8 [2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:22, FastEthernet0/0

R1# show ip route

R    20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R    30.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0

R1# show ip protocols | beg rip

Routing Protocol is "rip"

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 25 seconds

Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240

Redistributing: rip

Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2

Interface             Send     Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain

FastEthernet0/0     2       2

Automatic network summarization is in effect

Maximum path: 4

Routing for Networks:

10.0.0.0

Routing Information Sources:

Gateway         Distance      Last Update

10.1.1.2             120      00:00:22

Distance: (default is 120)

Configure RIP timers Manually:

 Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# timers basic 20 120 120 160

Note: The commandallows you to change the update (20 sec), invalid (120 sec), hold-down (120 sec), and flush (240 sec) timers.

For Default timers using this command

Router(config-router) # no timers basic

For more details, visit my You-Tube Channel: CCIE Gamer

Under Pressure

I was re-reading my unbelievably fantastic interview at the Age of Dusk blog (really, it's so scrumptious that some cultures would probably view it as high-art erotica) while also enjoying the commentary below - then something struck me...

What are the reasons for story-gaming over traditional roleplaying? 

1. Lack of imagination - People just can't come up with anything creative because they don't have the imagination.  Hey, not everybody's wired that way.  But then why would they gravitate to RPGs at all?  So, I don't think it's lack of imagination.
2. Pressure to perform - You're expected to come up with something good on-the-spot.  Roleplaying is a performance art.  And I'm not just talking about getting your character's voice right, but tactics, strategy, logistics, persuasion, and all the little details that go into playing an RPG.  We live in an age when the fear of failure is greater than the ambition to succeed.  There are no winners or losers, just the possibility of more PC pseudo-angst.  Here's your participation award.
3. Laziness - Continually thinking of genre, character, and story appropriate things is difficult.  Wouldn't it just be easier if the rules or some play-book did the work for you?  Sure, it would.  But there goes one of the best parts of roleplaying - creating something tremendous from the humble micro-tools you start with, like profession, ability scores, name, equipment, personality, etc.  This will help without doing all the work for you!
4. Bad GMs - Sure, there are a lot of piss-poor Game Masters out there.  Sad, but true.  Some GMs are sadistic bastards or failed novelists or egotistical attention hogs.  A few RPG designers try to actively counteract bad GMing by coming up with rules that strip GMs of their power and players their opportunity.
5. Ignorance - If story-games are all you know, then maybe you're not aware of traditional RPGs.  Perhaps you've never experienced the creative freedom that comes from having a character in a fairly open, lawless sandbox without training wheels, railroad tracks, or "special moves" that hold your hand all the way to the finish line.  I'm talking about RPG sessions where virtually anything is possible!

If I had to pick just one of the five, I'd probably blame story-games on the pressure to perform.  Almost everyone gets some form of performance anxiety (even if it's extraordinarily mild or productive eustress that catapults you to new heights).  

Even though I routinely GM like a fucking boss, I still get nervous occasionally.  But I don't let nerves or anxiety stop me from enjoying an awesome game with both friends and strangers.  I simply do my best, knowing full well that every so often I will fail.  The failure doesn't bother me as much as not living up to my potential.  

Hope you got something out of this... oh yeah and Cha'alt has about 16 days left to fund! Those hardcovers are going fast.  Don't miss out!!!  ;)

VS

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