Routing Information Protocol (RIP)-
RIP is a standardized Distance Vector protocol, designed for use on smaller networks. RIP was one of the first true Distance Vector routing protocols.
· Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a true distance-vector routing protocol.
· RIP sends the complete routing table out of all active interfaces
· RIP performs full routing-table updates every 30 seconds
· Update Timer by default 30 seconds
· Invalid Timer by default 180 seconds
· Hold-down Timer by default 180 seconds
· Flush Timer by default 240 seconds
· RIP has an administrative distance of 120.
· RIP use UDP port no 520.
· RIP selects best path using hop count.
· RIP has maximum hop count of 15 by default.
· RIP works good in very small network.
· RIP version 1 uses only classful routing
· RIP version 1 doesn't send updates with subnet mask information.
· RIP version 2 provides classless routing.
· RIP version 1 updates are Broadcast (255.255.255.255)
· RIP version 2 updates are Multicast (224.0.0.9)
· Authentication can be configured between RIPv2 routers
· RIP has enable Auto-summarize by default
· RIP use Bellman-FordDistance Vector algorithm to determine the best path.
· Any network that is 16 hops away or more is considered unreachable to RIP,
· A metric of 16 hops in RIP is considered a poison route or infinity metric.
· If multiple paths exist to a particular destination, RIP will load balance between those paths (by default 4 paths)
· if the metric (hop-count) is equal. RIP uses a round-robin system of load-balancing between equal metric routes.
· RIPv1 routers will sent only Version 1 packets
· RIPv1 routers will receive both Version 1 and 2 updates
· RIPv2 routers will both send and receive only Version 2 updates
RIP Timers: - RIP has four basic timers:
· Update Timer
· Invalid Timer
· Hold-down Timer
· Flush Timer
Update Timer: - Updates are sent every 30 seconds by default to the address 224.0.0.9.
Invalid Timer: - If they not get any updates for 180 seconds regards the any prefix it is consider invalid and the route will be poisoned, then router advertised the route with a metric of 16.
Hold-down Timer: - Hold-down Timer is by default 180 seconds. Hold-down Time indicates how long RIP will store a route that it has placed in a hold-down state. RIP will not accept any new updates for routes in a hold-down state, until the hold-down timer will expire.
Flush Timer: - Flush timer indicate how long a route can remain store in a routing table before being flushed, if no new updates are heard about this route. The flush timer runs simultaneously with the invalid timer, and thus it will flush out a route 60 seconds after it has been invalid.
Take a Look of RIP Configuration
Configure ip address as per this diagram: -
R1(Config)#router rip
R1(Config-router) # network 10.1.1.0
R1(Config-router) # version 2
R2(Config)# router rip
R2(Config-router) # network 10.1.1.0
R2(Config-router) # network 20.1.1.0
R3(Config)# router rip
R3(Config-router) # network 20.1.1.0
R3(Config-router) # network 30.1.1.0
R4(Config)#router rip
R4(Config-router) # network 30.1.1.0
Verify RIP: -
R1# show ip rip database
10.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
10.1.1.0/24 directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
20.0.0.0/8 [1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:22, FastEthernet0/0
30.0.0.0/8 [2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:22, FastEthernet0/0
R1# show ip route
R 20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 30.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0
R1# show ip protocols | beg rip
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 25 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2
Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
FastEthernet0/0 2 2
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.1.1.2 120 00:00:22
Distance: (default is 120)
Configure RIP timers Manually:
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# timers basic 20 120 120 160
Note: The commandallows you to change the update (20 sec), invalid (120 sec), hold-down (120 sec), and flush (240 sec) timers.
For Default timers using this command
Router(config-router) # no timers basic
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